The Philosophy of Space and time by micromike

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 First Reply to Crowell

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I just thought I was going hiking today and then Lawrence sends me this great e-mail and I now have to sit down and try to bring things back into perspective. I will make my comments by inserting a >> into his comments.

I'd recomend reading Wheeler & Taylor's book "Spacetime Physics." It

covers the essentials of special relativity. I have spent a number of

years studying general relativity and gravitation. Comments follow:

On Mon, 24 Nov 1997, Mike Moore wrote:

>

> I have already posted the philosophical definitions that I propose to describe all physical events. Below is the assumptions and principles that I believe are the most primitive. Each principle applies to all existence, while the corollaries directly speak to reality as we know it. Thus each concept I have proposed at this forum, is directly derived from these principles. I believe that I can support each of these and if they are accepted, the gravionic model is the only choice one can logically make.

>

> Summary of Principles

> Assumption #1: There is a reality

> Assumption #2: We can know reality.

> Assumption #3: Reality is the same throughout the Cosmos

> Principle #1: Reality (or existence) requires identity and relationship.

I'd agree with these.

>> I think that I have you here. If you accept Principle #1, then I think I can logically prove all the corollaries, but that remains to be seen.

> Corollary #1: Reality is composed of energy which represents itself as mass and gravity.

> Corollary #2: Gravity is the one and only force necessary to "hold" mass together

There are other forces in nature. There are internal rotations, as

described by Lie algebras and called gauge rotations or transformations,

at every point in spacetime. If there is a local gauge rotation between

two infinitesmally close points then calculus shows that there is a

connection coefficient

>>What you are saying here is that modern science assumes more forces than I have proposed. I would propose that nature always uses the simplest system and that all that is necessary to build everything I see as real can be made from energy, mass and gravity. Why make things more complicated than they need be? I think the evidence is overwhelming that all the bonds and forces that mankind has labeled are actually the systems I propose which have mass acting as the points of connection, gravity making all the bonds between masses, and energy flowing through this system to represent the different "forces" as defined by pre-gravionic science.

As far as rotations go, I believe the problem is again, one of looking at part of a system and proclaiming it a "whole thing." All the calculations you described can be shown from a different viewpoint, once the math on gravionics is started. If you can make for me a formulae which meets my requirements and describes the first system I have proposed, then I think we can quickly move to describing more complex particles, and in fact, all things that we call real. We now make these calculations while looking from the outside in when we should make them from the inside out (from the viewpoint of the particle in question).

All forces of nature come from gravity. It is what brings the first two particles together at the beginning of a new universe, and it is what supplies the energy for every reaction for which mankind has obtained an awareness.

A^a_i = &e^b/&x^i, e = basis element or tetrad, a = index on Lie algebra,

& = partial differential

Now if one looks at how this connection changes around a loop in space one

finds the terms

&A^a_i/&x^j - &A^a_j/&x^i - g^{abc}[A^b_i, A^c_j] = F^a_{ij}

In the case of electromagnetism there is only one element in the U(1) Lie

group so the commutator vanishes and we supress the index a,

&A^a_i/&x^j - &A^a_j/&x^i = F_{ij}.

The U(1) group is a simple group defined by e^{i@}, @ = theta. So U(1) is

just a set of rotations on the complex plane. Now there are two

eigenvalues to e^{i@} that occur for @ = 0,pi. The two eigenvalues are

hen easily seen to be (1, -1) and this corresponds to the two charges that

occur for electromagnetism.

The indices on the spacetime directions, i,j, when restricted to just

spacial directions give F_{ij} = eps_{ijk}B_k, where B_k is the magnetic

field in the kth direction and eps is the Levi-Civita totally

antisymmetric symbol.

An example of a gauge field that definately holds matter together is QCD

where the SU(3)gauge theory binds quarks together in hadrons. There are

three charges for this Lie algebra in the so called 3bar representation.

Finding these are a bit more involved that with the electromagnetic case.

Gravity is described by the Lie algebra SO(3,1) that can be written as the

Cartesian product of two SL(2,C) groups. Now SL(2,C) has a hyperbolic

topology, where as the other Lie groups are elliptic. This means that

SL(2,C) has only one root, or physically gives rise to one charge. This

is why mass is always positive and there is only attraction.

>>All you are saying here is the way it is understood by the collection of different viewpoints that represent the science of today. I'm saying that once the math starts on gravionics, there will soon be other ways to view these problems, and that this new viewpoint will be more complete than the viewpoint that exists today.

Also, mass is not always positive because anti-mass is negative. It merely defines space in the opposite "direction."

> Corollary #3: Gravity is represented by individual connections of gravity called gravions.

Gravitons are really an artifact of perturbative or bimetric theories of

gravity. The whole particle viewpoint of nature dissolves in a real

theory of quantum gravity. If you wish you can look at my, as yet

incomplete but short, web page on quantum gravity

>>There are no gravitons. These are a figment of someone's imagination (as is all of our knowledge). I am not proposing a whole particle viewpoint or a whole gravity viewpoint, I am proposing that all systems must be considered a combination of both systems and can only be completely understood in this manner.

http://www.unm.edu/~lcrowell/machqm.htm

It is a proposal that quantum gravity is really a unification of the

Einstein-Mach principle with the nonseparability principle of quantum

mechanics. The result is that there is a Bogoliubov transformation

between spacetime variables and quantum fluctuations so that the whole

notion of spacetime and quantum mechanics are purely local invariants.

Further this nature of the Bogliubov transformation is that one gets phase

transition behavior. This transform is used in superconductivity and the

Hanbury-Brown-Twiss photon condensation effect in quantum optics. As such

the global notion of spacetime is the result of a phase transition rather

analogous to Cooper pair formation in superconductivity.

>>What I am telling you is that all of space time formation can be described by the various ratios of energy within E=gmc^2. Each different ratio provides a different "particle" making different "space" while exchanging different kinds of energy. My model shows that superconductivity is the result of the reducing of energy in the electron such that the advertising gravion hasn't sufficient energy to make connections of gravity with the conductor, and thus no energy is lost. In "normal" circuits, energy is lost by the constant connection and disconnection of gravions and thus the subsequent exchange of energy (a loss to the system.)

> Corollary #4: All energy in the real world transfers through gravions

What about photons and other particles and gauge forces?

>>From my childhood, I imagined space as some vacant, empty place, but now I realize that everything we call space is actually the collection of all the gravions that exist between particles. There is no such thing as "free" energy. Every bit of energy we see traveling the cosmos is contained within the gravionic system. Therefore, photons and all energy travel through this system. Again, all forces are expressed through gravionic connections. Philosophically, I can prove that any reaction you can name, must have a gravitational component. Light also has this gravitational component in the connections of gravity that it traverses. Light travels down/through/in/around gravions. It can not travel outside this system.

Actually there are some serious questions about how the energy associated

with general relativity. This is primarily due to the fact that space is

a dynamical object that evolves in time. As such you have a difficult

time determining whether a certain amount of energy is in some volume of

space since the evolution of space (giving rise to a foliation of spacial

surfaces that foliate spacetime) means that your volume element will

deform and change. As such you can not state whether a certain amount of

gravitational mass-energy is really in some volume.

>> Of course space is a dynamically evolving "object." It is always the accumulation of all the connections and is always defined from the mass outward. Except for some specialized viewpoints, I agree with the rest of this paragraph.

> Corollary #5: The distribution of energy in any real system is represented by the equation E=gmc2.

What is more general is the stress-energy T_{ij} that is related to the

Ricci curvature of spacetime through the Einstein field equation

>>Well, I think my equation is the most general of all equations, since all equations of the real world must contain all parts of E=gmc^2. If you accept principle #1, then I think you have to accept my equation, since Einstein's' equation doesn't allow for the expansion of gravity as mass increases in a system. Re: my arguments that the 4 and 1 /2 lbs of mass gained by our planet every day from sunshine, does have gravity too.

R_{ij} - (1/2)Rg_{ij} = 8piGT_{ij}

with g_{ij} = metric tensor, R_{ij} = curvature tensor that is evaluated

in a manner analogous to the F_{ij} for gauge theories with the connection

coefficients evaluated from the metric tensor.

> Corollary #6 No two masses can occupy the same space.

Classically I suppose so. In quantum mechanics wave function overlap

occurs where this statement can be seen not to be accurate.

>>If you see my model, then you see that the masses can't over lap, but the fields can. Some gravions don't seem to recognize the space created by other kinds of gravions and that is why we need to study this further.

> Principle #2: Any coordinate system must define itself faster than the fastest thing which moves within the system.

> Corollary #1 Gravions propagate, connect, and disconnect at the speed of c2

What do you mean by traveling at c2? Do you mean c squared? c^2 is not a

speed but rather the square of a speed or energy per unit mass.

>>What I mean is that gravions define space at the speed of C^2. In the paired particles experiment that I quoted earlier, experiments have shown that the particles separated in space can communicate faster than the speed of light. How much faster? I say it must be C^2, because c+1 won't do and infinity would require a propagation rate that is "outside" of time, so it must be c^2. Once my model is accepted, we can use this fact to better measure the distance to other galaxies by using the difference between the speed of light and the speed of gravity. The gravionic system must be updated at the speed of C^2. This is where so much of intuition comes from, by the way.

> Principle #3: Reality is infinite

Most physicists tend to abhor infinities, for they prevent real

calculations.

>>That is what is great about being a philosopher, I don't have to calculate anything. I am very aware of the tendency of all scientist to work with finite situations, because all of reality is too complex. So I am sorry they don't want to consider infinity, but philosophically there is no other choice. I think this can be proved, if anyone wants to take the time.

> Corollary #1: All parts of nature cycle

>

Maybe.

>>Of course they do. This is where I got the intuition that big bang Events are part of a cycle. This was the original place where I thought that E=gmc^2 was correct because a BBE is just a big equation with gravity and mass going in one side and energy coming out the other.

Tell me, if I answer all your objections to the previous principles, will you then become a "believer" in the gravionic model?

Lawrence B. Crowell

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